PGD
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is a genetic screening procedure used in conjunction with assisted reproductive technology (ART), such as IVF, to help couples increase their chances of having a healthy pregnancy. This advanced technique involves testing embryos for chromosomal abnormalities that can lead to genetic disorders.
History of PGD:
PGD was first developed in 1989 by Alan Handyside as a means to detect cystic fibrosis in embryos created through IVF. It was also used for sex selection, as male embryos are at a higher risk of certain sex-linked diseases. Over time, PGD has evolved into a sophisticated genetic testing method that can identify single-gene disorders, chromosomal abnormalities, and sex-related conditions.
The PGD Process:
- IVF: The couple undergoes IVF, which involves retrieving eggs from the woman and fertilizing them with sperm in a laboratory.
- Embryo Culture: The fertilized eggs (embryos) are cultured for 3-5 days until they reach the blastocyst stage.
- Biopsy: A small number of cells are extracted from the embryo for genetic testing.
- Genetic Analysis: The extracted cells are analyzed for chromosomal abnormalities and other genetic disorders.
- Embryo Transfer: The embryos that are found to be healthy and free from genetic defects are transferred into the woman’s uterus.
Benefits of PGD:
Increased chances of a healthy pregnancy: By selecting embryos without genetic disorders, PGD can significantly improve the chances of a successful pregnancy and the birth of a healthy child.
Reduced risk of genetic disorders: PGD can help couples avoid passing on serious genetic conditions to their children.
Peace of mind: Knowing that their child is free from genetic defects can provide couples with a sense of peace and reassurance.
Additional Considerations:
- Cost: PGD is a relatively expensive procedure.
- Success rates: While PGD can increase the chances of a successful pregnancy, it does not guarantee it.
- Ethical concerns: Some people raise ethical concerns about the use of PGD for sex selection or other non-medical reasons.
If you are considering PGD, it is important to consult with a fertility specialist, such as Dr. Naila Jabeen, who can provide personalized guidance and discuss the potential benefits and risks of this procedure.
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